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Preserving the Memory of Ybor City, Florida

...They are kept in the History & Genealogy Department of the John F. Germany Public Library in downtown Tampa. With Federal grants, library budget funds, and Friends projects, they have...

Voting Rights: Justice Alito's False, Partisan Facts

...https://southernspaces.org/2021/undoing-voting-rights-act/. Justice Alito's Remarks from the Bench about how racial bloc-voting "may be due to ideology." Merill v. Mulligan oral argument. Audio courtesy of the Supreme Court of the United...

Stand & Witness: Art in the Time of COVID-19

How To Navigate We’ve arranged Stand & Witness as a guided tour. We recommend that you move through the exhibition according to the numbered tour stops or “hotspots.” To start...

Wanted eLove: Queer Square Spaces and the Revolution in Digital Intimacy

...Mask."5 Xavier Mayne, Imre: A Memorandum (Naples: The English Book-Press, 1906), 146, 111, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015019188047;view=1up;seq=7. Mayne's The Intersexes extends these ideas from the fictional to the nonfictional mode and further discusses...

Beyond Fairyland: Writing and Curating Queer Miami

...to Fairyland, the HistoryMiami Museum exhibition, his plans for the future, and his thoughts on the state of queer history. https://player.vimeo.com/video/363634334 Welcome to Fairyland: Queer Miami Before 1940 SOLOMON: How...

Ashé: Cultural Arts Cornerstone in New Orleans’ Central City

...have Black New Orleans at their base. Like The Historic New Orleans Collection, they’re written into the city and the state budgets. The Ford Foundation has been our longest and...

Crosses, Flowers, and Asphalt: Roadside Memorials in the US South

...have codified guidelines for the private creation of roadside memorials, the practice flourishes. Internet entrepreneurs offering low-budget stock memorials for roadside use have sprung up to fill the need in...

White Flight: The Strategies, Ideology, and Legacy of Segregationists in Atlanta

Presentation https://vimeo.com/126304557?fl=ls&fe=ec https://vimeo.com/126304812?fl=ls&fe=ec https://vimeo.com/126307940?fl=ls&fe=ec https://vimeo.com/126308195?fl=ls&fe=ec https://vimeo.com/126308581?fl=ls&fe=ec Excerpts from Question and Answer Session https://vimeo.com/126308679?fl=ls&fe=ec https://vimeo.com/126308848?fl=ls&fe=ec https://vimeo.com/126308943?fl=ls&fe=ec https://vimeo.com/126309070?fl=ls&fe=ec https://vimeo.com/126309107?fl=ls&fe=ec https://vimeo.com/126309174?fl=ls&fe=ec About the Presenter Kevin Kruse is a scholar of the political, social,...

Still Digging Our Own Graves: Coal Miners and the Struggle over Black Lung Disease

...https://www.dol.gov/owcp/dcmwc/statistics/PastPartCBenefitRates.htm. The respirable dust standard and other disease prevention measures in the US Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 are also attributable to the black lung movement. As...

References
1.	The language of "miners' wives and widows" implies that all miners are male. However, since at the least the 1970s, women have worked in the mines, including underground, albeit in small numbers. I use the language of "wives and widows" because most black lung activists use this language in their organizing and their discussion of black lung compensation (e.g., "widows' claims").
2.	See Daniel M. Fox and Judith F. Stone, "Black Lung: Miners' Militancy and Medical Uncertainty, 1968–1972," Bulletin of the History of Medicine 54, no. 1 (1980): 43–63, for an early framing of the black lung struggle as between miners and physicians over the definition of disease. Their emphasis on medical uncertainty differs from the analysis in my own article, which came out during the same time period: Barbara Ellen Smith, "Black Lung: The Social Production of Disease," International Journal of Health Services 11, no. 3 (1981): 343–359.
3.	Journalistic and some scientific accounts equate coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) with black lung. However, an essential component of the black lung movement was miners' and their families' struggle to broaden the definition, beyond CWP, of miners' disabling, occupationally related lung disease. Research by physicians and other scientists familiar with and sympathetic to miners and their health has validated this broader definition. See, for example, Edward L. Petsonk, Cecile Rose, and Robert Cohen, "Coal Mine Dust Lung Disease: New Lessons from an Old Exposure," American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 187, no. 11 (2013): 1178–85.
4.	This estimate of the number of black lung beneficiaries is extrapolated from data on the number of claims filed each year, changing approval rates, the annual total cost of claims, and, for some years, reports from the administering federal agency. See, for example, Social Security Administration, Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social Security Bulletin, 2016 (Washington, DC, 2017), Table 9. Beneficiaries who are miners and those who are widows, added together, do not equal the total number of miners judged disabled by black lung, as a widow may receive her husband's benefits after his death. Further, the number of beneficiaries is reported each year as a rolling total, and thus cannot be summed. The coronavirus interrupted my efforts to obtain more precise data. As of December 2018, an individual beneficiary is entitled to receive $660/month, which increases up to a maximum of $1,320 for those with three or more dependents. US Department of Labor, Division of Coal Mine Workers' Compensation, "Benefit Rates Under Part C, 1973–2018," accessed August 16, 2019, https://www.dol.gov/owcp/dcmwc/statistics/PastPartCBenefitRates.htm.
5.	Sam Roberts, "Dr. Donald L. Rasmussen, Crusader for Miners' Health, Dies at 87," New York Times, August 2, 2015, accessed September 29, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/03/health/research/dr-donald-l-rasmussen-crusader-for-coal-miners-health-dies-at-87.html.
6.	Dr. Cohen testified during the hearings on black lung, "Breathless and Betrayed." See "What is MHSA Doing to Protect Miners from the Resurgence of Black Lung Disease?" YouTube video, 2:58:39, June 20, 2019, House Committee on Education and Labor, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJUDcTf0a_g.
7.	NIOSH, Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Respirable Coal Mine Dust, publication no. 95–106 (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1995), xxii, https:// www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/95-106/default.html.
8.	Austyn Gaffney, "As Black Lung Strikes Younger Coal Miners, Kentucky Restricts Medical Benefits," NRDC, September 24, 2018, accessed September 29, 2018, https://www.nrdc.org/stories/black-lung-strikes-younger-coal-miners-kentucky-restricts-medical-benefits.
9.	This summary of miners' perspectives on the origins of black lung and the role of physicians in advocating a restrictive view of work-related, compensable disease is based on the author's interviews and observations in southern West Virginia at different moments during the past five decades.
10.	Howard S. Berliner and J. Warren Salmon, "The Holistic Health Movement and Scientific Medicine: The Naked and the Dead," Socialist Review 9, no. 1 (January–February 1979): 31–52.
11.	See Talcott Parsons, The Social System (New York: Free Press, 1951). Parsons's conceptualization of the sick role was neither class nor historically specific.
12.	Author's interview with Danny Whitt, Matewan, WV, September 4, 2019.

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