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Scales of Slavery on the Mason-Dixon Line: A Review of Gleanings of Freedom

Review Max Grivno's subtle and remarkably textured history of labor in northern Maryland and southern Pennsylvania, Gleanings of Freedom: Free and Slave Labor along the Mason Dixon Line, 1790–1860, details...

Reframing Resistance: A Review of Freedom Now!

...photographs. No image became more iconic, no place more marked by photographs than Birmingham in the days of Bull Connor's hoses and dogs. Martin A. Berger's fine book, Freedom Now! Forgotten...

An Oyster by Any Other Name

...fellow conspirators, tasting two thousand oysters from all along the Gulf Coast. It was the first symposium hosted by Foodways Texas, an organization dedicated to preserving, promoting, and celebrating the...

"I Used That Katrina Water To Master My Flow": Rap Performance, Disaster, and Recovery in New Orleans

..."Cultural Appropriation Is a Bigger Problem than Miley Cyrus," Thought Catalog, August 26, 2013, http://thoughtcatalog.com/nico-lang/2013/08/cultural-appropriation-is-a-bigger-problem-than-miley-cyrus/. For Big Freedia's response to Miley Cyrus, see Jason Newman, "Bounce Queen Big Freedia Slams...

The Bulletin—January 29, 2013

...is evenly split 20–20 between Democrats and Republicans, Marsh's absence allowed Republicans to pass the measure with a 20-19 majority. Marsh called the move "shameful." In a statement released on...

How I Shed My Skin

...as teaching the worst lessons. There, racist discourse flowed between adults, between Sunday School and worship services, as well as mid-week meetings, at both the Baptist and Methodist churches he...

The Joneses: Home Made in Mississippi

...the family, what's happened since? Howard: The family came together, was made stronger, understood themselves better, and were better able to talk with each other. Roughly midway through The Joneses,...

Glimpsing Andalusia in the O'Connor-Hester Letters

...confidante, Betty Hester, compels their readers to revisit Andalusia and consider the ways in which, while circumscribing the locus of much of the author's life, it also provided a point...

Counterblast: How the Atlanta Temple Bombing Strengthened the Civil Rights Cause

...as forty anti-Semitic groups operating in the South at the time of the black freedom struggle. Some of these organizations promoted their cause exclusively through propaganda. Others took more direct...

References
1.	Atlanta Constitution, October 13, 1958; New York Times, October 16, 1958. For a more substantial narrative of events, see Melissa Fay Greene, The Temple Bombing (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1996).
2.	UPI report, October 13, 1958.
3.	Albert Vorspan to I. Cyrus Gordon, Commission on Social Action of Reform Judaism, March 3, 1958, "Attempted Dynamiting of North Carolina Synagogues," Small Collections, Jacob Rader Center of the American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati, Ohio.
4.	Nathan Perlmutter, "Bombing in Miami: Anti-Semitism and the Segregationists," Commentary 25 (June 1958): 498–503; Jackson Toby, "Bombing in Nashville: A Jewish Center and the Desegregation Struggle," Commentary 25 (May 1958): 385–89.
5.	Southern Jewish Weekly, May 2, 1958; Richmond Afro-American, May 3, 1958.
6.	Arthur J. Levin, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, Atlanta office, circular, August 15, 1952, box 46, folder 15, Series 5, Ralph McGill Papers, 1853–1971, Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University, Atlanta.
7.	Jacob M. Rothschild to Balfour Brickner, October 12, 1961, box 5, folder 8, Rothschild Papers, 1933–1985, Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University, Atlanta.
8.	Harold C. Fleming to Jacob M. Rothschild, January 6, 1958, box 3, folder 8, Rothschild Papers; Columbus Enquirer, February 19, 1947; David A. Harmon, "Beneath the Image: The Civil Rights Movement and Race Relations in Atlanta, Georgia, 1946–1981," PhD diss., Emory University, 1993, 206–8; Leonard Dinnerstein, "Southern Jewry and the Desegregation Crisis, 1954–1970," American Jewish Historical Quarterly 62 (1973): 239; P. Allen Krause, "Rabbis and Negro Rights in the South, 1954–1967," American Jewish Archives 21 (April 1969): 38.
9.	Paul Good, The Trouble I've Seen: White Journalist/Black Movement (Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1975), 25–6.
10.	Janice Rothschild Blumberg, One Voice: Rabbi Jacob M. Rothschild and the Troubled South (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1985), 63–4.
11.	New York Times, October 18, 1958.
12.	For further background on Fields and Stoner, see John George and Laird Wilcox, American Extremists: Militias, Supremacists, Klansmen, Communists & Others (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1996), 354–61.
13.	Denver Post, December 4, 1958; Greene, Temple Bombing, 164.
14.	Chicago Defender, November 22, 1958. See also the description of George Bright, one of the suspects in the Atlanta Temple bombing case, as a "brilliant architect" in SCR ID # 1-8-0-16-5-1-1, Sovereignty Commission Online, Mississippi Department of Archives & History Digital Collections, http://mdah.state.ms.us/bugle/sovcom/, accessed December 1, 2006.
15.	California Bureau of Criminal Identification and Investigation, Para-Military Organizations in California White Extremist Organizations, Part II: National States Rights PartyThe Present-Day Ku Klux Klan Movement, Report by the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, 90th Cong. Ist Sess., December 11, 1967 (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1967), 13. (Sacramento, CA, 1965), NSRP-4; (unpublished monograph, May 1970), 5, National States Rights Party, Federal Bureau of Investigation File, Part II, ii, 2; NSRP membership application form, box 39, Jewish Community Relations Council of Minnesota Papers, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul; The Present-Day Ku Klux Klan Movement, Report by the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, 90th Cong. Ist Sess., December 11, 1967 (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1967), 13.
16.	George Thayer, The Farther Shores of Politics: The American Political Fringe Today (London: Allen Lane, 1968), 38.
17.	"Scientists Say Negro Still in Ape Stage," Birmingham Police Department Surveillance Files, 1947–1980.
18.	J. B. Stoner, "The Philosophy of 'White Racism,'" n.d., American Jewish Committee Anti-Semitic and Extremist Collection, Jacob and Hilda Blaustein Human Relations Library, New York.
19.	David L. Chappell, A Stone of Hope: Prophetic Religion and the Death of Jim Crow (Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2004).
20.	John G. Crommelin to J. Edgar Hoover, November 1, 1958, John Crommelin Federal Bureau of Investigation File.
21.	"The Trial of George M. Bright," ADL Bulletin 16 (February 1959): 7; Janice Rothschild Blumberg, One Voice: Rabbi Jacob M. Rothschild and the Troubled South (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1985), 99–107; Arnold Shankman, "A Temple is Bombed—Atlanta, 1958,” American Jewish Archives 23 (November 1971): 131.
22.	For more information on Frank, see Leonard Dinnerstein, The Leo Frank Case (New York: Columbia University Press, 1968) and Steve Oney, And the Dead Shall Rise: The Murder of Mary Phagan and the Lynching of Leo Frank (New York: Pantheon, 2003).
23.	Matthew D. Lassiter, The Silent Majority: Suburban Politics in the Sunbelt South (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006).
24.	For an excellent analysis of the moderate coalition that controlled Atlanta in the postwar era, see Kevin M. Kruse, White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2005), especially 19–41.
25.	Atlanta Constitution, October 13, 14, 1958.
26.	Cecil Alexander, interview with author, November 13, 1993.
27.	Cecil Alexander, transcript of oral interview, Atlanta Jewish Community Archives; Krause, "Rabbis and Negro Rights," 39.
28.	Benjamin E. Mays, Born to Rebel: An Autobiography (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1987), 261–63; Xenona Clayton with Hal Gulliver, I've Been Marching All the Time: An Autobiography (Atlanta: Longstreet Press, 1991), 148, Martin Luther King, Jr. to Jacob M. Rothschild, March 8, 1965, box 6, folder 7, Rothschild Papers.
29.	Birmingham World, May 3, 1958; Atlanta Daily World, October 21, 1958; Jacob M. Rothschild to Chaplain Bill Allison, December 5, 1958, box 5, folder 3, Rothschild Papers.
30.	Atlanta Daily World, October 14 and 15, 1958.
31.	Atlanta Baptist Association, resolution of October 14, 1958, box 4, folder 1, Rothschild Papers; Atlanta Daily World, October 18, 19, 23, 1958.
32.	New York Times, December 27, 1951; Annie Moore to Ralph McGill, October 14, 1958, box 4, folder 1, Rothschild Papers.
33.	William D. Workman, Jr., The Case for the South (New York: Devin-Adair Company, 1960), vii.
34.	The Citizens' Council, November 1955, 4.
35.	The Citizens' Council, October 1958, 3; Evening Capital (Annapolis, MD), October 16, 1958.
36.	Albuquerque Journal, October 13, 1958.
37.	Atlanta Constitution, October 13, 1958. See also Ralph McGill, A Church, A School (New York and Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1959), 9–11.
38.	Tom Strong to Jacob M. Rothschild, October 16, 1958; William B. Hartsfield to Tom Strong, October 25, 1958, box 4, folder 4, Rothschild Papers.
39.	Congressional Record, Vol. 106, Part 5, 86th Congress, 2d Session, 5727–28.
40.	Congressional Record, Vol. 106, Part 6, 86th Congress, 2d Session, 7581 and Vol. 106, Part 4, 5462.

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