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Southern Spaces
A journal about real and imagined spaces and places of the US South and their global connections

Farmland Blues: The Legacy of USDA Discrimination

...black farmers who struggled—and continue to struggle—for ownership in the twentieth- and twenty-first centuries. He estimated that only 18,000 black farmers survived.7Pigford, 185 F.R.D. at 85–86. The judge established an...

The X-Codes: A Post-Katrina Postscript

...this neighborhood almost a year after the storm were cryptic markings on each house, recording the progress of first responders down the streets. Large spray-painted Xs on every home, with...

The Black Belt

...slaves were most profitable, and consequently they were taken there in the largest numbers. Later, and especially since the war, the term seems to be used wholly in a political...

Brown, Black, and White in Texas

...step of posting a detailed policy statement, titled 'Negroes,' on the serving of blacks in his Felix Mexican Restaurants," writes Behnken. "Most eating establishments simply hung a 'whites only' sign....